5. Explicit Memories and Implicit Memories
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리딩 지문 (읽는 시간 45초)
Explicit Memories and Implicit Memories
In everyday life, when people speak of memory, they are almost always speaking about what psychologists would call explicit memories. An explicit memory is a conscious or intentional recollection, usually of facts, names, events, or other things that a person can state or declare. There is another kind of memory that is not conscious. Memories of this kind are called implicit memories. An individual can have an experience that he or she cannot consciously recall yet still display reactions that indicate the experience has been somehow recorded in his or her brain.
리스닝 듣기
말하기 준비 시간: 30초
말하기 녹음 시간: 1분
리스닝 스크립트
Ok, the first kind of memory, we’re all very familiar with this, right? You probably remember what you had for dinner last night? You have a conscious memory of last night’s dinner, so if I ask you “what did you eat last night?” you could tell me. But these other kind memories implicit memories, they work differently.
Let’s take an example from the world of advertising. When you’re driving along the highway, you see plenty of billboards, you know, roadside advertisements. You certainly don’t remember them all, but they still affect you. Marketing researchers have shown, well to be specific, let’s say there’s a billboard on the highway advertising a car called the PANTHER. The ad shows a big picture of the car and above the car in huge letters is the name of the car PANTHER. A lot of people drive by the billboard. But ask those drivers later if they saw any advertisements for cars.
Well, they’ll think about it and a lot of them would say “no”. They honestly don’t remember seeing any. They have no conscious memory of the PANTHER billboard. So you ask the same people a different question, you ask, ok, you ask them to name an animal starting with the letter P. What do you think they’ll answer, do they say pig? Pig is the most common animal that starts with the letter P, but they don’t say pig. They say panther. The billboard has an effect even though the drivers don’t remember ever seeing it.
30점을 위한 해설
리딩 파트
리딩 주제어: Explicit Memories and Implicit Memories (명백한 기억과 내포된 기억)
리딩 주제어의 정의: An explicit memory is a conscious or intentional recollection. There is another kind of memory that is not conscious. An individual can have an experience that he or she cannot consciously recall yet still display reactions. (명백한 기억은 의식적 또는 의도적인 기억임. 반면, 의식적으로 회상할 수 없지만 여전히 반응을 나타내는 내포된 기억도 있음)
리스닝 파트
사람들은 지난 밤에 저녁으로 무엇을 먹었는지는 쉽게 기억한다 (People can easily remember what they had for dinner last night.)
이것은 명백한 기억의 예인데, 왜냐하면 사람들이 의식적으로 그것을 기억할 수 있기 때문이다 (This is an example of explicit memory because they can recall it consciously.)
그러나 내포된 기억은 다르다 (Implicit memory, however, is different.)
예를 들어, 우리가 고속도로를 따라서 운전할때, 우리는 많은 광고판들을 만난다 (For example, when we are driving along the highway, we encounter a lot of billboards.)
우리가 본 광고를 기억못할 지라도, 그 광고들은 우리의 머리 속에 있을 수 있고 무의식적으로 나타날 수 있다 (Even if we don’t remember advertisements we see, the advertisements can be in our brain and display unconsciously.)
예를 들어, 팬터라고 불리는 차를 광고하는 광고판이 고속도로에 있다고 가정해 보자 (For example, suppose there is a car advertisement on a billboard along the highway and the car is called PANTHER.)
비록 그 광고판을 지나간 많은 운전자들이 이 광고를 봤는지 기억하지 못할지라도, 나중에 그들에게 P로 시작하는 동물의 이름을 말해보라고 하면 그들은 P로 시작하는 가장 일반적인 동물인 피그라고 대답하지 않고 팬터라고 답한다. (Even if many drivers who passes the billboard don’t remember if they saw this advertisement, when they are asked later to name an animal starting with the letter P, they say panther, not pig, which is the most common animal starting with the letter P.)
이것은 내재적인 기억이 작용했기 때문이다 (This happens because of implicit memory)
샘플 답안
The reading passage delineates between explicit and implicit memories. Explicit memory involves conscious or intentional recollection, where individuals can actively recall past experiences. However, even when individuals cannot consciously recall an experience, their brain may still retain the memory, manifesting in subtle reactions or responses.
In the lecture, the professor provides examples to illustrate these concepts. He first discusses explicit memory by noting how individuals can readily recall what they had for dinner the previous night, showcasing conscious recollection. Implicit memory, on the other hand, operates differently. For instance, during a drive along the highway, individuals encounter numerous billboards and advertisements. Although they may not consciously remember the specific advertisements they see, the information can still be stored in their memory and manifest unconsciously.
Explicit Memories and Implicit Memories
In everyday life, when people speak of memory, they are almost always speaking about what psychologists would call explicit memories. An explicit memory is a conscious or intentional recollection, usually of facts, names, events, or other things that a person can state or declare. There is another kind of memory that is not conscious. Memories of this kind are called implicit memories. An individual can have an experience that he or she cannot consciously recall yet still display reactions that indicate the experience has been somehow recorded in his or her brain.
리스닝 듣기
말하기 준비 시간: 30초
말하기 녹음 시간: 1분
리스닝 스크립트
Ok, the first kind of memory, we’re all very familiar with this, right? You probably remember what you had for dinner last night? You have a conscious memory of last night’s dinner, so if I ask you “what did you eat last night?” you could tell me. But these other kind memories implicit memories, they work differently.
Let’s take an example from the world of advertising. When you’re driving along the highway, you see plenty of billboards, you know, roadside advertisements. You certainly don’t remember them all, but they still affect you. Marketing researchers have shown, well to be specific, let’s say there’s a billboard on the highway advertising a car called the PANTHER. The ad shows a big picture of the car and above the car in huge letters is the name of the car PANTHER. A lot of people drive by the billboard. But ask those drivers later if they saw any advertisements for cars.
Well, they’ll think about it and a lot of them would say “no”. They honestly don’t remember seeing any. They have no conscious memory of the PANTHER billboard. So you ask the same people a different question, you ask, ok, you ask them to name an animal starting with the letter P. What do you think they’ll answer, do they say pig? Pig is the most common animal that starts with the letter P, but they don’t say pig. They say panther. The billboard has an effect even though the drivers don’t remember ever seeing it.
30점을 위한 해설
리딩 파트
리딩 주제어: Explicit Memories and Implicit Memories (명백한 기억과 내포된 기억)
리딩 주제어의 정의: An explicit memory is a conscious or intentional recollection. There is another kind of memory that is not conscious. An individual can have an experience that he or she cannot consciously recall yet still display reactions. (명백한 기억은 의식적 또는 의도적인 기억임. 반면, 의식적으로 회상할 수 없지만 여전히 반응을 나타내는 내포된 기억도 있음)
리스닝 파트
사람들은 지난 밤에 저녁으로 무엇을 먹었는지는 쉽게 기억한다 (People can easily remember what they had for dinner last night.)
이것은 명백한 기억의 예인데, 왜냐하면 사람들이 의식적으로 그것을 기억할 수 있기 때문이다 (This is an example of explicit memory because they can recall it consciously.)
그러나 내포된 기억은 다르다 (Implicit memory, however, is different.)
예를 들어, 우리가 고속도로를 따라서 운전할때, 우리는 많은 광고판들을 만난다 (For example, when we are driving along the highway, we encounter a lot of billboards.)
우리가 본 광고를 기억못할 지라도, 그 광고들은 우리의 머리 속에 있을 수 있고 무의식적으로 나타날 수 있다 (Even if we don’t remember advertisements we see, the advertisements can be in our brain and display unconsciously.)
예를 들어, 팬터라고 불리는 차를 광고하는 광고판이 고속도로에 있다고 가정해 보자 (For example, suppose there is a car advertisement on a billboard along the highway and the car is called PANTHER.)
비록 그 광고판을 지나간 많은 운전자들이 이 광고를 봤는지 기억하지 못할지라도, 나중에 그들에게 P로 시작하는 동물의 이름을 말해보라고 하면 그들은 P로 시작하는 가장 일반적인 동물인 피그라고 대답하지 않고 팬터라고 답한다. (Even if many drivers who passes the billboard don’t remember if they saw this advertisement, when they are asked later to name an animal starting with the letter P, they say panther, not pig, which is the most common animal starting with the letter P.)
이것은 내재적인 기억이 작용했기 때문이다 (This happens because of implicit memory)
샘플 답안
The reading passage delineates between explicit and implicit memories. Explicit memory involves conscious or intentional recollection, where individuals can actively recall past experiences. However, even when individuals cannot consciously recall an experience, their brain may still retain the memory, manifesting in subtle reactions or responses.
In the lecture, the professor provides examples to illustrate these concepts. He first discusses explicit memory by noting how individuals can readily recall what they had for dinner the previous night, showcasing conscious recollection. Implicit memory, on the other hand, operates differently. For instance, during a drive along the highway, individuals encounter numerous billboards and advertisements. Although they may not consciously remember the specific advertisements they see, the information can still be stored in their memory and manifest unconsciously.